What is the difference between security policy and security standard?
A security policy and security standard are distinct but interrelated components of a cybersecurity governance structure. A security policy defines "what" and "why," while a security standard defines "how" and "to what level." Both are essential for a comprehensive security governance program:
- Policies: High-level statement of management intent and expectations.
- Standards: Measurable, granular requirements that support policies and compliance obligations.
- Procedures: Individual contributor-level instructions on how to conduct a series of actions (e.g., how to patch a server).
A security policy is a high-level, overarching document that defines an organization’s principles, intentions and responsibilities regarding security. It articulates the organization’s security goals, roles and acceptable behaviors. Policies serve as a formal commitment and provide a framework for decision-making.
A security standard supports a policy by specifying detailed, mandatory criteria that must be met to comply with the policy. Standards translate policy requirements into measurable and enforceable rules. For example, a password complexity standard might require at least twelve (12) characters, including upper/lowercase letters, numbers and special characters.