What is ITAR/EAR?
ITAR/EAR are two (2) different, but complimentary sets of requirements:
- ITAR is an acronym for International Traffic in Arms Regulations; and
- EAR is an acronym for Export Administration Regulations.
ITAR and EAR combine to govern the export and import of sensitive technologies and defense-related materials:
- ITAR regulates defense-related articles and services on the US Munitions List (USML).
- ITAR’s authority is based on 22 CFR Parts 120-130;
- ITAR is managed by the US Department of State (DDTC); and
- ITAR restricts the export and sharing of military technologies, requiring manufacturers and exporters to register with the US State Department and obtain export licenses.
- EAR controls the export of commercial and dual-use goods, software and technology that can have both civilian and military applications.
- EAR’s authority is based on 15 CFR Parts 730-774; and
- EAR is managed by the US Department of Commerce (BIS).
Compliance with ITAR/EAR is critical for companies working with defense contracts, aerospace, or technologies with potential national security implications. Violations can lead to severe penalties, including fines and export restrictions.
ITAR and EAR information may be handled under Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) protections if it falls within CUI categories, but ITAR/EAR compliance involves additional controls such as strict export licensing and access restrictions.